GALDA DE JOS
Romania
P R E S E N T A T I O N
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GENERAL PRESENTATION
Galda de Jos is situated in the heart of Transylvania, between Trascaului Mountains and couloir of Mures river, on the middle course of the river Galda Valley in flowing creek rivers Cetea Valley and Cricau Valley, including both mountainous and hilly areas, and plain areas. Galda de Jos (Lower Galda in free translation, in Hungarian Alsó Gald, German Unter-Hanenberg) is in the center of Alba County, on the eastern slope of Trascaului Mountains, 16 km north of Alba-Iulia town.
Sitting on the eastern slope of Trascaului Mountains, the commune Galda de Jos has a mountain specific relief developed on limestone and ophiolites in west, and meadow and terraces in the east.
The variety of landscape, flora and fauna, and climate characteristics make it attractive for tourists: Galzii Gorge, Intregalde Gorge, Cetii Gorge, and then the limestone massives Cetii Stone, Craivii Stone, Magurii Stone, Bulzul Galzii, Green Stone, Trascaului Fangs, Bedeleu and Ciumerna plates, Sunatoarea Pit cave, the caves Huda lui Papara, Dragon's Gate, Small Church, and Bats, Iezer Ighiel Lake, vast Vanatara Sinkhole, Roman Baths, and a series of gorges, monuments and nature reserves.
Galda de Jos - area map
The commune Galda de Jos is a quiet place with people industrious, hardworking and willing to understanding. As you enter in Galda de Jos, greets image high houses, recently built or upgraded. Clean air, peace and opening of a wonderful landscape to Apuseni Mountains transform location in a place of rest and meditation. Administrative territory of Galda de Jos commune, with an area of 10169 ha, represent 1.6% of Alba county area, and includes 11 villages:
Galda de Jos (zip code 517285) is the place of residence of the commune
Benic (zip code 517286)
Cetea (zip code 517287)
Galda de Sus (zip code 517288)
Lupseni (zip code 517289)
Magura (zip code 517291)
Mesentea (zip code 517292)
Oiejdea (zip code 517293)
Poiana Galzii (zip code 517294)
Raicani (zip code 517296)
Zagris (zip code 517297)
On the streets of Galda de Jos village the charm serene, specific of Transylvanian villages, retains attention. Traditional houses in the village of Galda de Jos urges us to remember the silence of times gone by, with sons and daughters playing at hore, with women who spun on the porch. The traditional houses were simple dwellings, consisting of room every day and the 'big house', front room. On the entire length of the house, always situated on the south of house is terrace ('tarnat'), in most cases open.
Today, the houses in the village Galda de Jos look different. Roomier, showed a level or two, lined on both sides of paved streets, creating a tonic and relaxing atmosphere, giving the appearance of a city town. Visitors admire them, and locals are proud of them.
In whole, Galda de Jos township is an agro-pastoral establishment type, in which the rural household, type, structure and organization has own characteristics, due to its geographical position and the existence of specific occupations.
While in northern and southern of Trascaului Mountains the settlements appear only in the valleys and depressions, in the central part of this massive, villages and hamlets climbs up the mountain ridge, squandering in the form of 'clumps' among fields, and integrating in thus specific landscape of Motilor Country.
Aspects of the villages of Galda de Jos commune
The home is here a fundamental and determinant environment of the existence of local people, and location of the commune on the great historical and tourist routes, as close to the mountains, with unlimited tourist potential, allowing many households to meet standards for pensions and agro-tourism farms, including providing a diet own products.
Conservation of the indigenous traditions in Galda de Jos can be noticed, both by maintaining the specificity of life preserved in traditional forms, especially architecture, and by promoting a positive type of recovery of their, complex and beneficial, in this case rural tourism, ecological and cultural organized, with all its implications.
Traditional costumes, folk costume 'of Galda' is specific of areas Tara Motilor (Motilor Country). Women wear blouse fine linen, homespun, sewn into rivers of the most ingenious combinations in one color - white, red, yellow or black, white cotton skirt, embroidered with motifs chosen or similar blouse, over skirt wearing catrinta, and wearing head scarfs fine, loose.
Traditional costume for men consists of a white shirt, the same fine cloth, sewn hem and collar, the sleeves and wide, with folk motifs in white pants (trousers), broad at the celebration and tight at work to wear suits and over shirt, black jacket or vest with folk motifs. The men wear head cap or hat.
These costumes give a state of adoration, that are arising from love, from the mountain area, wavy, in which citizens of Galda de Jos live
Traditional folk costumes in Galda de Jos
Attraction exerted by geographical area Galda de Jos consists, perhaps, in unexpected complexity and diversity of landscape Trascau Mountains, undoubtedly, important role in defining of this natural features starring karst topography, well represented, which includes the entire range the specific forms to be taken, almost always, with more personality in the landscape.
In addition, the integration of this type of relief in the morphology developed on other rocks are sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic rocks, is in perfect harmony landscape.
The traveler arrived in the kingdom of peaks, ridges and plateaus of Trascaului Mountains, interrupted unexpectedly steep valleys, encounters, everywhere, views of special beauty.
The landscape is very complex, due to the variety lithological and the enduring geological evolution.
Despite this mountain area is included in low mountains, in relation to Galzii Valley and Mures Valley, Trascaului Mountains seem quite high, given the high values of level differences that reach and exceed 1000 m, due to the numerous slopes who bounded.
Landscape diversity in Galda de Jos commune
The total area of Galda de Jos commune is 10169 ha, agricultural area is 6534 ha, living area is 3635 ha, with forests is 1162 ha, arable land is 3087 ha, orchards and nurseries is 234 ha, vineyards and nurseries is 133 ha, pastures is 1932 ha, and the surface 1148 ha is of meadows.
The total population of the commune of Galda de Jos includes 4516 people, down from the previous census in 2002, when clocking 4882 inhabitants, the number of inhabitants suffered a permanent decline since 1941. Of the 4516 people, most are found in the village Galda de Jos (45.4%).
Unlike the commune population evolution, as a result of economic development, where the Galda de Jos village - capital commune - population has always had an increasing trend from 1127 inhabitants in 1880, to 1455 in 1910, to 1769 in 1941, to 1802 in 1977, to 2032 in 2002, and now for the village Galda de Jos reach 2100 people. Galda de Jos locality thus becomes witness to a permanent increase of population, the development of a market most sought after than others, and the emergence in recent years of institutions and factories led to the sharp development of this settlement.
Certainly, Galda de Jos commune development was favored by the position which it occupies at the contact between the Apuseni Mountains and Transylvanian Basin. Its development was also favored and chosen a settlement in a valley with a width of 2.5 km and beautiful terraces, away from flooding and strong winds. The eastern slope of the Apuseni enjoys a favorable climate, influenced by warmer and drier winds favorable for both field crop and fruit trees and vines.
In terms of ethnicity, the commune population Galda de Jos consists, in large proportion Romanians, representing 89.08% of the total population of the commune, with a Hungarian minority of 6.59%.
A percentage of 0.35% of the population belong to other ethnicity and for a rate of 3.98% of the population is unknown ethnicity.
From the religious point of view, most of the inhabitants are Christian Orthodox, representing a rate of 86.27% of the total population of the commune, but there are also minorities Reformed (6.44%), the Greek Catholics (1.32% ) and people of other religions (1.92%).
For about 4.05% of the population, confession is not known.
Education in commune Galda de Jos consist in the schools with classes I-VIII and kindergartens in Galda de Jos, Oiejdea, Mesentea, Benic, Cetea, Galda de Sus and Poiana Galzii.
There are 17 educational institutions (schools, kindergartens and homes of study) in Galda de Jos commune of which reads:
• Secondary School 'Nicolae Dragan'
in Galda de Jos (Romanian)
• Old School in Galda de Jos (Romanian)
• Secondary School, Benic (Romanian)
• Primary School, Mesentea (Romanian)
• Primary School, Cetea (Romanian)
• Primary School, Galda de Sus (Ro)
• Primary School, Oiejdea (Romanian)
• Primary School, Oiejdea (Hungarian)
• Kindergarten Galda de Jos (Romanian)
• Kindergarten Benic (Romanian)
• Kindergarten Cetea (Romanian)
• Kindergarten Oiejdea (Romanian)
• Kindergarten Oiejdea (Hungarian)
• Kindergarten Galda de Sus (Romanian)
• Kindergarten Poiana Galzii (Romanian)
Educational institutions in Galda de Jos
The commune has a road structures some in very good condition (DN1), others in less good condition (DC 77, 76), bad (DJ 107H, 107k), deplorable (DJ 105 M.); ballasted road - DC 71; paved streets in the village Galda de Jos and cobbled streets in villages Galda de Jos, Oiejdea, Mesentea, Benic, Cetea, Galda de Sus, Galzii Glade.
Sports activities in the commune of Galda de Jos runs through Galda Sports Industry Association - football teams of junior and senior of commune (Division D), sports ground modernized in the Galda de Jos. Other sports, boxing, brothers Daramus of Benic village achieved great success in juniors category.
There are cultural centers in the villages of the commune, in Galda de Jos (recently extended), Oiejdea, Benic, Cetea, and Galda de Sus. The commune benefits from clinics, family doctors offices, dental, and Neuropsychiatric Center. In the commune is received national television stations, but cable tv in Galda de Jos and Oiejdea.
Galda de Jos commune has coverage of broadband internet services in 7 of the 11 villages of commune, and since 2014 have been connected and the other 4 villages, Zagris, Lupseni, Magura and Raicani, through two hot-spots installed in the highest points of the commune.
The stadium and football team from Galda de Jos
Water supply is present in Galda de Jos. It is currently ongoing investment 'Drinking water supply in the village of Galda de Jos - new works', funded by SAPARD program, which will ensure water supply in centralized system, with street fountains villages Galda de Jos, Mesentea , Oiejdea, with expansion in Benic.
The gas is present in localities in the commune of Galda de Jos, Oiejdea, Mesentea, being necessary to extend in localities Benic, Cetea, Galda de Sus. The village benefits from sewage system, taking into account the search for financial resources for extending this utility. It was also put into operation new wastewater treatment. Waste collection service is provided by Salprest sanitation in Galda de Jos, Oiejdea and Mesentea.
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